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Theodoric Borgognoni
Theodoric Borgognoni (1205 – 1296/8), also known as Teodorico de'Borgognoni, and Theodoric of Lucca, was an Italian who became one of the most significant surgeons of the medieval period. A Dominican friar and Bishop of Cervia, Borgognoni is considered responsible for introducing and promoting important medical advances including basic antiseptic practice in surgery and the use of anaesthetics.〔Faith Wallis ''Medieval Medicine: A Reader'' 2010 - Page 306 "In the life and work of one surgeon, Teodorico Borgognoni (1205–98), we can see the impact of these enlarged possibilities."〕〔Jack E. McCallum ''Military Medicine: From Ancient Times to the 21st Century'' 2008 - Page 319 "Teodorico. Borgognoni (ca. 1205–1296). Theodoric was a medieval Italian surgeon who anticipated Henri de Mondeville, Paracelsus, and Lord Joseph Lister in suggesting that cleanliness was of major importance in wound healing."〕〔Luis Garcia-Ballester ''Practical Medicine from Salerno to the Black Death'' 1994 - Page 223 "Teodorico Borgognoni of Lucca dedicated his surgery to the bishop of Valencia in the 1260s; it was translated twice into Catalan, and was probably the most widely disseminated surgical text in the Crown of Aragon.56 Teodorico has no ..."〕
==Life==
Theodoric Borgognoni was born in Lucca, Italy in 1205.〔Ubaldo Ceccarelli ''La tradizione medico-chirurgica lucchese: Teodorico Borgognoni.'' 1961〕 He may well have been the son of Master Ugo Borgognoni, a leading physician of the previous generation, and was certainly a student of his.〔Plinio Prioreschi ''A History of Medicine: Medieval Medicine'' 1996 - Page 439 "... that it was written in 1267.511 Teodorico himself refers (see below) to Filia principis (“The Daughter of the Prince”) as a book of surgery of which he was the author.512 Possibly the son of Ugo Borgognoni and certainly his disciple, Teodorico ..."〕 Theodoric studied medicine at the University of Bologna becoming a Dominican friar in the same period. In the 1240s, he became personal physician to Pope Innocent IV. In 1262 he was made Bishop of Bitonto. He then served as Bishop of Cervia, close to Ravenna, from 1266 until his death in 1296.
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